EN_TRIAL_5.txt	0	64	Crime_and_punishment	Cabinet moves to make psychological abuse a crime for first time
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	66	259	Crime_and_punishment	The Dutch cabinet wants to make coercive control and psychological abuse standalone crimes. The intention is to let police and prosecutors intervene in domestic violence before it turns deadly.
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	261	504	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Crime_and_punishment	Justice minister David van Weel proposed the bill on Monday. It would put coercive control, defined as a sustained pattern of humiliating, frightening or isolating a partner in order to dominate them, into the criminal code for the first time.
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	506	594	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Security_and_defense	The code would explicitly recognise that abuse can be psychological as well as physical.
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	596	870	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Britain and Ireland criminalised coercive control in 2015 and 2019. Campaigners and researchers treat it as a frequent precursor to femicide, the killing of a woman because of her gender, which claims around 43 lives a year in the Netherlands - roughly one every eight days.
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	872	1118	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	"Psychological violence has serious consequences for victims, but at the moment is not always a crime," Van Weel said in a statement. "That means police and the justice system can do too little, even in situations that are serious or escalating."
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	1120	1148	Crime_and_punishment	Manslaughter to match murder
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	1150	1368	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Crime_and_punishment	The bill would also let judges impose a murder sentence - life or 30 years - for a manslaughter that follows a pattern of domestic abuse or coercive control, closing a gap in cases where premeditation cannot be proven.
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	1370	1586	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Crime_and_punishment	It would further allow prosecutors to pursue stalking and coercive control without a victim's formal complaint, and make threatening to share someone's sexual images, known as sextortion, an offence in its own right.
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	1588	1871	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	The proposal follows years of pressure over the state's handling of femicide, from a 1,000-strong march in Rotterdam last summer to prosecutors' warnings that controlling behaviour and strangulation are red flags missed in the run-up to a killing. The consultation runs for 10 weeks.
EN_TRIAL_5.txt	1873	2077	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Health_and_safety	Security_and_defense	If you have experienced or are experiencing domestic or sexual violence, Veilig Thuis (Safe at Home) offers confidential advice 24 hours a day on 0800 2000 or at veiligthuis.nl. In an emergency, call 112.
EN_TRAIL_1.txt	0	66	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Economic	Health_and_safety	German lawmakers approve healthcare shake-up aimed at taming costs
EN_TRAIL_1.txt	70	568	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Economic	External_regulation_and_reputation	Health_and_safety	BERLIN, July 10 (Reuters) - Germany's upper house gave final parliamentary approval on Friday to a bill ‌aimed at reining in health insurance costs, despite fierce criticism from drugmakers who say the measures will deter pharmaceutical industry investment in the country. Drugmakers including Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Merck KGaA have said the proposals send the wrong signal as Europe seeks to compete with ​the U.S. and China for life sciences investment in research and manufacturing.
EN_TRAIL_1.txt	574	1303	Economic	Health_and_safety	Quality_of_life	Political	Containing health insurance costs, which are shared ​by workers and employers, is a key part of Chancellor Friedrich Merz's effort to revive Germany's ⁠economy by reducing financial and administrative burdens on businesses. "After years of rising health insurance contributions, we have finally created ​the basis for stable finances in the statutory health insurance (system)," Health Minister Nina Warken said. The system covers most of the ​population and is funded primarily through payroll contributions, split between employees and employers. As costs rise, higher contribution rates increase labour costs for companies and reduce workers' take-home pay, making healthcare financing both an economic and political issue.
EN_TRAIL_1.txt	1307	2042	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Economic	Political	"In short: We are not cutting across the entire ​system, but limiting future increases to the development of the overall economy," Warken said. "That is a responsible way to handle ​insured persons' contribution money." The healthcare reform is part of a long-awaited broader economic package announced by the government last week. DRUGMAKERS OPPOSE THE CHANGE The ‌legislation ⁠aims to narrow a growing funding gap in the health system through higher mandatory rebates from drugmakers, tighter limits on hospital cost increases and changes to payments for a range of health services. "The law in its current form will become a political boomerang," said Wolfgang Grosse Entrup, head of Germany's VCI chemical industry association.
EN_TRAIL_1.txt	2046	2761	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Economic	Health_and_safety	Quality_of_life	"In an economically difficult phase, the competitiveness ​of Germany as a pharmaceutical ​location is being deliberately ⁠put at risk because the fear of genuine reforms of the welfare state is too great," he added. The pharmaceutical industry has objected in particular to an increase in the statutory ​manufacturer discount to 15.5%, a higher rebate on patented vaccines and a price freeze ​for those vaccines ⁠from 2027 to 2030. German drugmaker Merck KGaA (MRCG.DE), opens new tab called the legislation "a hard blow to Germany's pharmaceutical sector". "It endangers patient care, harms the development of new medicines, and weakens Germany's position as an innovation hub," the company said in a statement.
EN_TRAIL_1.txt	2765	3089	Economic	Health_and_safety	Quality_of_life	AstraZeneca (AZN.L), opens new tab said the changes ⁠would lead ​to reduced access to medicines for patients, less clinical research and ​a shift of production "to other countries that value innovation". "This is not a signal for the future," said Alexandra Bishop, the company's president for Germany. ($1 = 0.8747 ​euros)
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	0	81	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Indonesia's new penal code takes effect, marking historic break with colonial law
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	83	313	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Cultural_identity	JAKARTA, Indonesia (AP) - Indonesia on Friday began enforcing its newly ratified penal code, replacing a Dutch-era criminal law that had governed the country for more than 80 years and marking a major shift in its legal landscape.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	315	698	Morality	Cultural_identity	Since proclaiming independence in 1945, the Southeast Asian country had continued to operate under a colonial framework widely criticized as outdated and misaligned with Indonesia's social values. Efforts to revise the code stalled for decades as lawmakers debated how to balance human rights, religious norms and local traditions in the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	700	929	External_regulation_and_reputation	Political	Crime_and_punishment	The 345-page Indonesian Penal Code, known as the KUHP, was passed in 2022. At the time, then-U.S. State Department spokesperson Ned Price said the U.S. was "closely monitoring the revised criminal code" of its democratic partner.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	931	1108	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Crime_and_punishment	It criminalizes sex outside marriage and reintroduces penalties for insulting the president and state institutions. It comes into force following a three-year transition period.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	1110	1147	Cultural_identity	Moving away from a colonial framework
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	1149	1371	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Political	Public_opinion	A previously revised code was poised for passage in 2019, but then-President Joko Widodo urged lawmakers to delay a vote amid mounting public criticism that led to nationwide protests involving tens of thousands of people.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	1373	1501	Morality	Political	Fairness_and_equality	Opponents said it contained articles that discriminated against minorities and that the legislative process lacked transparency.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	1503	1666	Political	A parliamentary task force finalized the bill in November 2022 and lawmakers unanimously approved it a month later in what the government called a "historic step."
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	1668	1951	Political	The enforcement of the new penal code marks "the end of the colonial criminal law era and the beginning of a more humane, modern, and just legal system rooted in Indonesian culture," said Coordinating Minister for Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Yusril Ihza Mahendra.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	1953	2047	Political	"This is a historic moment for the Indonesian nation," Mahendra said in a statement on Friday.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	2049	2158	Cultural_identity	He said the old code based on Dutch law is "no longer relevant to the dynamics of modern Indonesian society."
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	2160	2185	-	Provisions under scrutiny
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	2187	2513	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Political	Crime_and_punishment	Under the amended code, sex outside marriage is punishable by up to one year in prison, while cohabitation carries a six-month sentence. However, adultery cases can only proceed following a complaint by a spouse, parents or children - a safeguard the government says prevents arbitrary enforcement, including against tourists.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	2515	2664	Morality	Public_opinion	Rights groups remain skeptical. Human Rights Watch warned the morality-based provisions could lead to invasions of privacy and selective enforcement.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	2666	2938	Political	Crime_and_punishment	The code also restores a ban on insulting a sitting president or vice president, state institutions and the national ideology. Cases must be reported by the president and carry penalties of up to three years in prison for "attacking the honor or dignity" of state leaders.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	2940	3147	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Political	Public_opinion	Fairness_and_equality	Deputy Minister of Law Edward Hiariej said the government has issued strict guidelines distinguishing criticism from criminal insult, but rights advocates argue the provisions threaten freedom of expression.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	3149	3274	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Political	Fairness_and_equality	Amnesty International Indonesia executive director Usman Hamid described the KUHP as "a significant blow" to civil liberties.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	3276	3469	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Fairness_and_equality	"This overreaching criminal code will entrench obstacles to freedom of speech while criminalizing legitimate and peaceful dissent," Hamid said, warning it could open the door to abuse of power.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	3471	3805	Crime_and_punishment	The new code also expands an existing blasphemy law, maintaining prison sentences of up to five years for deviations from the core teachings of Indonesia's six officially recognized religions. It preserves penalties of up to 10 years for associating with Marxist-Leninist organizations and four years for spreading communist ideology.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	3807	3822	-	Mixed reactions
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	3824	4060	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Morality	Public_opinion	Fairness_and_equality	Some advocates welcomed lawmakers' decision to drop a proposed article that would have criminalized gay sex, following opposition from civil society groups. The move was hailed as a rare positive outcome for Indonesia's LGBTQ community.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	4062	4343	Morality	Crime_and_punishment	The revised code retains the death penalty, despite calls from rights groups to abolish capital punishment. However, it introduces a 10-year probationary period, after which death sentences may be commuted to life imprisonment or 20 years if the convict demonstrates good behavior.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	4345	4541	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Morality	It also maintains a ban on abortion while formalizing existing exceptions for life-threatening medical conditions and pregnancies resulting from rape, provided the fetus is less than 12 weeks old.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	4543	4575	Crime_and_punishment	A shift in sentencing philosophy
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	4577	4802	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Public_opinion	Crime_and_punishment	Legal experts say the KUHP reflects a fundamental change in how punishment is applied. Hiariej noted that public opinion still often favors harsh penalties, a mindset he described as rooted in outdated notions of retribution.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	4804	4939	Morality	Crime_and_punishment	"This is a legacy of the law of retaliation," he said, contrasting it with modern systems that emphasize harm repair and reintegration.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	4941	5131	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Crime_and_punishment	The Institute for Criminal Justice Reform said the code expands non-custodial sentences, including community service and supervision, and gives judges greater discretion to tailor penalties.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	5133	5257	Quality_of_life	Crime_and_punishment	ICJR executive director Erasmus Napitupulu said these measures could help ease prison overcrowding and better serve victims.
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	5259	5405	Morality	Crime_and_punishment	He also praised the probationary mechanism for death row inmates as "an initial step toward eventually abolishing the death penalty in Indonesia."
EN_TRAIL_2.txt	5407	5503	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Crime_and_punishment	"This is a good mechanism and meaningful progress for criminal justice reform," Napitupulu said.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	0	71	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Morality	Security_and_defense	Political	Chat Control 1.0 passed the European Parliament - through the back door
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	73	235	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Security_and_defense	Political	A loophole in parliamentary procedure allowed MEPs to extend mass scanning of private communications until 2026 without a direct vote on the substance of the law.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	237	397	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Morality	Security_and_defense	Chat Control 1.0 - a temporary derogation from ePrivacy rules designed to detect online child sexual abuse - was adopted by the European Parliament on Thursday.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	399	569	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	The regulation will remain in effect until 3 April 2028, providing a substantial buffer while lawmakers negotiate an agreement on the updated framework, Chat Control 2.0.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	571	594	-	How the file resurfaced
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	596	677	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Political	In March, MEPs rejected extending Chat Control 1.0 after subsequent talks failed.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	679	868	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Security_and_defense	Political	In late June, the European Parliament President Roberta Metsola reopened the file, sending it to the Council, warning that the expired rules left a dangerous gap in online child protection.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	870	1037	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Political	The Council then sent the file back to Parliament at the beginning of the vacation season, where it was difficult to secure the necessary majority to dismiss it again.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	1039	1070	Political	What happened at the Parliament
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	1072	1207	Political	At the EP, a simple majority initially supported rejecting the position with 314 MEPs voting in favor, 276 against, and 17 abstentions.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	1209	1480	Political	As there was no absolute majority (currently equal to 360 MEPs) to reject the amended EP position (276 MEPs voted in favor, 286 against, 30 abstentions), the second reading was closed, and the amended package has now been sent to the Council for approval within 3 months.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	1482	1717	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Security_and_defense	Political	The amended EP position adopts a positive, yet rather cosmetic amendment proposed by the liberal RENEW group that would "exclude communications to which end-to-end encryption is, has been, or will be applied" from the scope of the law.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	1719	1961	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Political	While some MEPs have called this "a glimmer of hope," and it was likely one of the contributing factors why the whole text was not rejected in the second hearing, it is not clear how extensive the list of such communication channels could be.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	1963	2110	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Political	Since this amendment may run counter to the very idea of mass scanning of private communications, the Council is likely to reject these amendments.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	2112	2370	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Security_and_defense	The previous Council positions on Chat Control 2.0 have also included minor statements about protecting privacy and end-to-end encryption, but no technical debate about how aligning the goals of Chat Control and end-to-end encryption is possible in practice.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	2372	2505	Political	Public_opinion	While social media is buzzing with criticism of both proposals, the conversation at the member state level about the files is scarce.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	2507	2648	Security_and_defense	Political	At the member state level, the files for both Chat Control proposals are normally led by representatives from the Ministries of the Interior.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	2650	2895	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	Security_and_defense	Currently, only a small number of countries are engaged in an active debate on the matter, evaluating the proposal not only from a law enforcement perspective but also through the lens of data protection, private communication and cybersecurity.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	2897	2916	-	Big-tent opposition
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	2918	3282	Political	Public_opinion	Fairness_and_equality	Both proposals for the mass scanning of European private communications have ignited widespread opposition, spanning left-wing, liberal and right-wing politicians, privacy advocates such as former MEP Patrick Breyer, cybersecurity specialists and even human rights advocates with extensive experience in freedom of expression and information issues outside the EU.
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	3284	3434	Political	Public_opinion	The recently re-elected ALDE Party President and German MEP, Svenja Hahn, was openly critical of the parliamentary vote in her comment for EUTechLoop:
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	3436	3707	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Security_and_defense	Political	"It's a disgrace that the Chat Control instrument has passed in the European Parliament. It opens the door for mass surveillance of all private communication of our European citizens instead of the targeted fight against child sexual abuse as proposed by the Parliament."
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	3709	3858	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Security_and_defense	Political	"The surveillance of private chats pushed by EU-states is a threat for our freedom and democracy. We need to continue fighting against Chat Control."
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	3860	4055	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Political	The President of the Open Dialogue Foundation, Lyudmyla Kozlovska commented for EUTechLoop that the vote on Chat Control 1.0 should be viewed in a broader context of erosion of privacy in the EU:
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	4057	4407	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	"That vote should trouble anyone who cares about how democracy in the EU works, not just about privacy. It's the same approach to normalising the erosion of privacy that we've seen before - first with financial privacy, then travellers' data, now our communications: a sweeping power justified by an urgent-sounding purpose, then quietly normalised."
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	4409	4590	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Security_and_defense	"And the result? Financial, security and cybersecurity laws are now heavily weaponised by adversaries of the EU against its own citizens and entities, for transnational repression."
EN_TRAIL_3.txt	4592	4796	Legality_Constitutionality_and_jurisprudence	Public_opinion	"The real fight for encryption and the privacy of communication is in September, over Chat Control 2.0. Between now and then, the resistance has to be strong enough that no procedural trick can carry it."
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	0	62	Health_and_safety	An extra 229,000 deaths: Is that the cost of US-UK drugs deal?
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	64	215	Economic	Health_and_safety	Research finds that pharmaceutical trade deal requiring UK to buy more medicines from US takes away money from other parts of NHS, with deadly effects.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	217	474	Economic	Health_and_safety	Research published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) has found that a United Kingdom-United States pharmaceutical deal could cause 229,000 excess deaths as a result of the diversion of billions of pounds away from Britain's National Health Service (NHS).
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	476	675	Policy_prescription_and_evaluation	External_regulation_and_reputation	Health_and_safety	Political	In December, the UK and US signed a pharmaceutical trade deal, under which the US government agreed not to impose tariffs on UK pharmaceutical and medical technology exports for the next three years.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	677	968	Economic	Health_and_safety	Political	In return, the British government committed to increasing NHS spending on new US medicines from 0.3 percent in 2026 to at least 0.6 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) by 2036. This means that medicine spending overall should increase from 10 percent to 12 percent of the NHS budget.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	970	1193	Health_and_safety	Quality_of_life	Political	UK politicians defended the deal with Science Minister Patrick Vallance saying in April that the arrangement gives patients across the NHS access to "life-changing new medicines that they previously would have been denied".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	1195	1390	Economic	External_regulation_and_reputation	Health_and_safety	"Not only this, but as the first country in the world to benefit from a zero percent tariff on pharmaceuticals to the US, Britain's life sciences sector will be further boosted," Vallance argued.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	1392	1659	Economic	Health_and_safety	But the research published in the BMJ found that the commitment to spend so much more on new branded medicines over the next decade without any increase in NHS funding will "create substantial opportunity costs elsewhere, having a direct effect on population health".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	1661	1888	Health_and_safety	Samuel Cross, a professor in the department of pharmacology and therapeutics at the University of Liverpool, who coauthored the report, said the agreement "benefits pharmaceutical companies and comes at a cost of NHS patients".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	1890	1990	-	"There's really no way to sugar-coat that. The numbers speak for themselves," Cross told Al Jazeera.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	1992	2210	Economic	Health_and_safety	Political	Tim Bierley, campaigner at the UK action group Global Justice Now, said: "This latest research adds to the overwhelming evidence that the Trump medicines deal risks taking a wrecking ball to our health and our economy.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	2212	2400	Economic	Health_and_safety	"Billions that could be spent on recruiting more NHS staff, cutting GP waiting times, or improving our hospital care are set to be siphoned off by corporate giants in the pharma industry."
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	2402	2479	Health_and_safety	Here's what we know about the report, and what it means for health in the UK:
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	2481	2507	-	What is in the US-UK deal?
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	2509	2684	Economic	Political	The agreement signed on December 1 was hailed as a landmark deal between British Prime Minister Keir Starmer and US President Donald Trump on pharmaceutical trade and pricing.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	2686	2818	Economic	Political	The US agreed not to impose tariffs on UK pharmaceutical and medical exports for the following three years - until January 19, 2029.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	2820	3096	Health_and_safety	Political	According to a policy paper published by the British government, the preliminary understanding of the agreement recognised that the US and UK shared a "mutual interest in developing a global medicines system that supports development and commercialisation of new innovations".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	3098	3126	-	What has the research found?
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	3128	3328	Health_and_safety	Political	In February, Vallance disclosed that funding for the increased spending on medicines would come from the Department of Health and Social Care, which funds the NHS in England, rather than the Treasury.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	3330	3819	Economic	The study in the BMJ forecast that if spending targets are met and the economy grows as forecast by the Office for Budget Responsibility, the NHS would need to spend an extra 1.3 billion pounds ($1.73bn) a year by 2028 - about 25 million pounds ($33.4m) a week. By 2036, this would rise to an extra 8.8 billion pounds ($11.74bn) a year - about 170 million pounds ($227m) a week. Over the course of the agreement, that would add up to about 44.7 billion pounds ($59.7bn) by the end of 2036.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	3821	4153	Economic	"Costs are even higher if the impact on publicly funded adult social care is also considered - modelling of English local authority data indicates that every 1bn pounds the NHS must find to fund this deal will increase the costs of adult social care by 118m pounds because of increases in morbidity and mortality," the report found.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	4155	4225	Health_and_safety	Ultimately, the study predicted, excess deaths are likely as a result.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	4227	4617	Health_and_safety	"Even if we restrict attention to the direct effect of reductions in available NHS expenditure, by 2036 this deal is likely to result in roughly 229,000 excess deaths - more than during the COVID-19 pandemic between March 2020 and June 2022 (137,000). If the indirect effect on adult social care is also included, the increase in excess deaths is even greater (291,000)," the report stated.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	4619	4789	Health_and_safety	The report added that the findings are "unsurprising" given the existing pressures on the NHS and the "large burden of unmet need in highly cost-effective areas of care".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	4791	4887	Economic	It also referred to shortfalls in NHS funding and pharmaceutical pricing as "opportunity costs".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	4889	4973	Economic	Cross said that in health economics, opportunity costs are the "key to all of this".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	4975	5220	Economic	"In the NHS, we have a finite budget - we're not made of money - and if you take money away to pay for, in this case, more medicines, then that comes at an opportunity cost of the places that the money has been diverted away from," he explained.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	5222	5266	Health_and_safety	Which health sectors will be worst affected?
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	5268	5407	Health_and_safety	The research predicted that the greatest number of deaths would occur in cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and cancer patients.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	5409	5593	Health_and_safety	It added that there will also be broader harm caused to quality of life for patients in those sectors as well as "neurological, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and mental health problems".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	5595	5923	Economic	Capacity_and_resources	"Despite this evidence and reassurances that 'frontline services' will be protected, the NHS will need to fund this deal from allocations made six months before the deal was agreed. The evidence suggests that if additional public expenditure was available, it could be more effectively deployed within the NHS itself," it added.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	5925	6066	Political	The report also called the government's claims that the US-UK agreement would encourage pharmaceutical innovation in the country "uncertain".
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	6068	6324	Economic	"Pharmaceutical research and development operate within a global market, of which the UK represents a relatively small share. As such, there is limited evidence that UK domestic pricing materially influences global investment decisions," the report stated.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	6326	6590	Economic	Health_and_safety	"Even so, evidence suggests in most cases the UK is already paying more than 100 percent of the long-term value of new medicines; incentivising production of new medicines under this deal will do long-term harm to the public health objective of the NHS," it added.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	6592	6741	Political	Cross added that because money has in effect been diverted away from the NHS, there is no way for the government to offset the impact on the service.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	6743	6881	Health_and_safety	"If the funds are used to pay for new medicines, we will lose positive health outcomes elsewhere, and that is as simple as that," he said.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	6883	7027	External_regulation_and_reputation	Political	Public_opinion	He called for the government to release an impact assessment to trigger a public discussion about how good the US-UK deal really is for Britain.
EN_TRIAL_4.txt	7029	7342	Political	Bierley added: "Scandalously, this backroom deal was not subject to any scrutiny in Parliament before being rushed through - and the government refuses to say what impact it will have on the NHS. The next prime minister must change direction, stand up for our NHS, and unpick the mess left by their predecessors."
